Which statement best describes active and passive earth pressures on a retaining wall?

Which statement best describes active and passive earth pressures on a retaining wall?

• A. Active pressure occurs when the wall yields and soil pushes outward with lower force.
• B. Active pressure occurs when the wall yields and soil resists movement with higher force.
• C. Passive pressure is generated when the wall remains completely rigid with no movement.
• D. Both active and passive pressures are independent of wall movement.

Answer: (A)